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Holiday Home Jumbo Santa Hat Stripe Gift Bag Product - Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a bot. For best results, please make sure your browser accepts cookies. Activate and hold the button to confirm you are human. Thank you! Aceh (pronounced AH-chay) is a province in Indonesia designated as a special territory of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra.
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His full name is Nanggröe Aceh Darussalam. Earlier spellings include Omelette, Ut'a and Aken. Aceh is known for its political independence and fierce resistance to foreign rule. There is also a socio-cultural gap. The Hacha practice Islam, while the rest of the archipelago tends to mix Islam with animism.
Since 1976, Aceh has been torn by a separatist struggle waged by the Free Aceh Movement against the Jakarta government over control of resources and cultural and religious issues. Aceh has significant natural resources, including oil and liquefied natural gas (liquefied petroleum gas). Aceh was the closest point of land to the epicenter of the massive Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004, which triggered a tsunami that destroyed much of Aceh's west coast, including part of the capital, Banda Aceh.
The Indonesian government's positive response to this disaster contributed to a peace agreement with the Free Aceh Movement, signed on August 15, 2005. Aceh's climate is almost entirely tropical, with the coastal plains averaging 28°C. and the inland and mountainous areas average 79°F (26°C), and higher mountain areas, 73°F (23°C).
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The relative humidity of the area ranges from 70 to 90 percent. There is a dry season (June to September), influenced by the Australian continental air mass, and a rainy season (December to March) caused by the Asia-Pacific continental air masses. West Sumatra averages more than 78 inches (2,000 mm) of precipitation per year. The capital, Banda Aceh, is located at the mouth of the Krung Aceh and Kong Daroi rivers as they enter the Indian Ocean, and is the administrative and commercial center of
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This mountainous region. The main local agricultural product is rice. Oil and natural gas, of which Sumatra has large reserves, are exported through Banda Aceh. The Great Sumatran Fault, a thrust fault, runs the length of Sumatra. The pressure on this rift increased dramatically after the earthquake
in December 2004. The rift ends just below the ruined city of Banda Aceh. In addition to the risk of tsunamis and earthquakes, natural hazards include periodic, severe floods, volcanoes, and wildfires. The ancient name of Sumatra was Swarna Dwipa (Sanskrit for golden island), probably because
that the mines in the highlands of Sumatra had been producing gold since the earliest days. The province lay along the maritime trade route between India and China. By the 7th century, many of Aceh's trading towns had flourished—especially on the east coast—and were influenced by Indian religions. Prominent among these influences was Srivijaya
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and Samudra. Srivijaya was a Buddhist monarchy centered on what is now Palembang. The kingdom ruled the region through trade and conquest from the seventh to ninth centuries, helping to spread Malay culture throughout Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and western Borneo. The empire was a thalassocracy, a maritime power that extended its influence from island to island.
Srivijaya's influence declined in the eleventh century. The island was then subject to invasions from Javanese kingdoms, first Singsari, and later Japahit. At the same time, Islam made its way to Sumatra, spreading through contact with Arabs and Indian traders. By the end of the 13th century, the king of Samudra (now Bacha) converted to Islam.
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Ibn Battuta, who visited the kingdom during his trip, pronounced the kingdom "Sumatra", hence the name of the island. Samudra was replaced by the powerful Sultanate of Aceh, which lasted until the 20th century. From the early sixteenth century, the Aceh Sultanate was involved in an almost constant power struggle first with Portugal, and then with British and Dutch colonial interests from the eighteenth century.
At the end of the eighteenth century, Aceh lost control of Kedah and Penang in the Malay Peninsula to the British. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Aceh became an increasingly influential power due to its strategic location. By the 1820s it produced more than half of the world's supply of black pepper, bringing new wealth to the Sultanate.
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In 1819, the British government obtained exclusive trade concessions with the Sultanate, but the subsequent Anglo-Dutch Treaty (1824) effectively made the Sultanate a protectorate of the Netherlands. Local resistance to Dutch control culminated in a long and bitter struggle (1908-1873). Total casualties on the Aceh side are estimated at between 50,000 and 100,000 dead and over a million wounded, with the Dutch retaining some strength.
Colonial influence in the hinterlands was never significant, and guerrilla resistance remained limited. Sporadic fighting led mainly by religious scholars or mullahs continued until about 1910, and parts of the province were still unsettled when Dutch East Indies became independent Indonesia after the end of the Japanese occupation.
During the Indonesian National Revolution after World War II, when the Dutch army tried to regain control of its former colony, Dutch forces did not attempt to invade Aceh. Upon independence, Indonesian forces were sent to annex the region, causing resentment at what some Acehnese people saw as foreign occupation.
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Since then, there have been periodic armed conflicts between the Indonesian military and local forces fighting for greater independence. In 1959, the Indonesian government granted the province of Aceh a "special region" (Dir Istimwa), giving it a greater degree of independence from the central government in Jakarta than most other regions.
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For example, the Aceh government has the power to build a legal system independent of the national government. In 2003, a form of Islamic law was officially introduced. A 50-foot (15 m) tsunami following a 9.0-magnitude Indian Ocean earthquake on December 26, 2004 devastated the west coast and islands of Sumatra, especially the province of Aceh.
While estimates vary, about 230,000 people were killed in Aceh, and about 400,000 people were displaced from their homes. While parts of Banda Aceh were not damaged, the areas closest to the water, especially in Kampung Java, were destroyed. In 2005 there was an aftershock with a magnitude of 8.7.
Within the Republic of Indonesia, Aceh is governed as a special region (daerah ismatiwa), an administrative designation designed to give the region more independence from the central government in Jakarta. Aceh's capital and largest city is Banda Aceh, which lies on the west coast near the northern tip of Sumatra.
Other major cities include Sabang, Lhoksaumawa and Langasa. Administratively, the province is divided into seventeen districts and four municipalities. Aceh has a long history of resistance to foreign rule. Many Acehnese believe most of the benefits of the region's oil exports go to the Jakarta government and foreign companies.