The Gift By Nabokov
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The Gift By Nabokov
The Gift, novel by Vladimir Nabokov, originally serialized as Dar (cleaned up in Russian) in 1937–38. It was published in its full form as a book in 1952. The Gift is set in post-World War I Berlin, where Nabokov himself was an expatriate. Filled with satirical details about the Russian émigré community, the novel tells the parallel stories of protagonist Fyodor's maturation into a talented young writer and his love affair with Zina.
The Gift is the last and most important Russian novel (English translation, 1963) by Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977). The semi-autobiographical story of a young Russian émigré living in Berlin in the 1920s, The Gift was first published between 1937 and 1938 in the Paris magazine Sovremenyi zapiski (Notes from the Fatherland).
Nabokov conceived the novel in 1932, but allowed it to germinate until the mid-1930s, when he wrote and published the novels Laughter in the Dark (1933) and Despair (1936). He wrote Chapter 4 of the series and shut down production entirely in 1938 to write and publish his anecdotal political novel Invitation to the Heading.
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The editor of Sovremenyi Zapiski refused to publish the fourth chapter of the novel because it depicted the life of Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky, a 19th-century Russian writer and political figure whom Nabokov regarded as a bad writer and a dangerous harbinger of Bolshevism. Used to see
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In 1952, The Gift was finally published in full book form. As it tells the story of a young man's development as a writer, The Gift immediately recalls the work of two authors whom Nabokov greatly admired: James Joyce and Marcel Proust. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Like Ulysses and In Search of Lost Time, the novel reflects the growth of artistic consciousness.
However, Nabokov's Fyodor Godunov-Chernandtsev differs from Joyce's Stephen Daedalus and Proust's narrator in the number of texts he constructs throughout the novel. The novel contains many examples of Fyodor's writing, ranging from poems he wrote as a child to a controversial biography of Chernyshevsky. Nabokov also includes purported reviews of Fyodor's work.
The structure of The Gift is strikingly similar to the Ulysses episode Oxen of the Sun, in which Joyce writes passages illustrating the development of English prose from Anglo-Saxon to modern times. Nabokov uses Joyce's method in The Gift to trace the development of Russian literary history and Fyodor's own career as a writer.
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The first chapter, containing Fyodor's childhood poems, introduces the first, innocent steps of Russian literature. The second chapter then recounts the great adventures of Fyodor's naturalist father in a romantic style reminiscent of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The third chapter, in its satirical style and ancient comedy, emulates the work of Nikolai Gogol, one of Nabokov's heroes.
Chapter 4 presents a biography of Fyodor Chernyshevsky and defends Nabokov's view that Russian literature became politicized and preachy in the late 19th century. The fifth and final chapter is written in a new style, which can be seen as the work of a mature Nabokov, a rebirth of Russian literature.
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The gift ends with a Proustian insistence that Fyodor write the same novel the reader has just read. The Gift is also notable for its semi-autobiographical elements, particularly Nabokov's poignant portrayal of Fyodor's romantic relationship with his father and wife. As Chapter 2 relates, Fyodor's father disappeared while on a reconnaissance trip to Tibet.
This disappearance is Nabokov's romanticized version of the fate of his father, a prominent moderate Russian politician who was assassinated in 1922 by a right-wing extremist. Like Nabokov, Fyodor learned from his father his passion for butterflies, as well as the precision of seeing the world.
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Fyodor's consideration of his writings with his father on his last journey, and his admission of the possibility that his father might one day return, suggest a particularly Nabokovian notion of immortality. In addition, The Gift reflects the author's love and admiration for his wife, Vera.
By the end of the novel, Fyodor overcomes the passage of time and his loneliness through his love for Zina, realizing that with her support and encouragement he can create brilliant literary works such as The Gift. Nabokov also recognized Vera's love as his ultimate gift that made all his books possible.
Despite its Proustian and Joycean complexity and its reputation as one of the best Russian novels of the 20th century, The Gift has received little critical attention. Brian Boyd's commentary in his two-volume biography of Nabokov is the only lengthy English-language study of the novel.
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In addition, The Gift did not find a significant readership in America, with most readers considering Nabokov's "American Trilogy"—Lolita (1955), Pinin (1957) and Pale Fire (1962)—as his greatest Russian work. I like it. References Blackwell, Stephen H. Zina's Paradox: The Figured Reader in Nabokov's Gift.
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New York: Peter Lang, 2000. Boyd, Brian. Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993. Dolinin, Alexander. "Gift." The Garland Companion to Vladimir Nabokov, edited by Vladimir E. Alexandrov, 135–169. New York: Garland, 1995. Livak, Leonid. "The Novel as Target Practice: Vladimir Nabokov's Gift and the New Melody of the Century".
Studies in the Novel 34 (2002): 198–220. Pichova, Hana. Memory and the Art of Exile: Vladimir Nabokov and Milan Kundera. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2002. Weir, Justin. Hero as Author: Self and Tradition in Bulgakov, Pasternak, and Nabokov. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2002.
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