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Popcorn Gift Sets For Christmas - Activate and hold the button to confirm that you are human. Thank you! It was 2004, the day after Christmas, and thousands of tourists from Europe and America had flocked to the beaches of Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to escape the winter cold in a tropical paradise.
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At 7:59 AM, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake – one of the largest ever recorded – ruptured an underwater fault in the Indian Ocean, driving a huge column of water towards unsuspecting shores. The Boxing Day tsunami would be the deadliest in recorded history, taking 230,000 lives in a matter of hours.
The city of Banda Aceh on the northern tip of Sumatra was the closest to the epicenter of the powerful earthquake and the first waves arrived in just 20 minutes. It is almost impossible to imagine the mountain of 100 feet of water engulfing the coastal city of 320,000, instantly killing more than 100,000 men, women and children.
Buildings folded like houses of cards, trees and cars were swept away in the black rapids of oil and almost no one caught in the deluge survived. Thailand was next. With waves traveling 500 mph across the Indian Ocean, the tsunami hit the coastal states of Phang Nga and Phuket an hour and a half later.
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Despite the passage of time, locals and tourists alike were caught completely unaware of the impending destruction. Curious beachgoers also wandered among the strange retreating waves, only to be chased away by a wall of rough water. The death toll in Thailand was nearly 5,400, including 2,000 foreign tourists.
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An hour later, across the Indian Ocean, waves hit India's southeast coast near the city of Chennai, pushing miles of debris-choked water inland and killing more than 10,000 people, women and children, mainly, since many. of the men were out fishing. But some of the worst destruction was reserved for the island nation of Sri Lanka, where more than 30,000 people were swept away and hundreds of thousands left homeless.
In a testament to the strongest tsunami on record, the last victims of the Boxing Day disaster died nearly eight hours later when rough seas and raging waves caught swimmers by surprise in South Africa, at 5,000 kilometers from the epicenter. Vasily Titov is a tsunami researcher and forecaster with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Tsunami Research.
The relentless devastation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is attributed to the brute power of the earthquake and its spawn. The earthquake originated in a fault called a megathrust, where heavy oceanic plates subduct beneath lighter continental plates. "They are the biggest faults in the world and they are all under water," said Titov.
Faqs: What You Need To Know About The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
The 2004 earthquake ripped a 900-mile section along the Indian and Australian plates 31 kilometers below the ocean floor. Instead of delivering a single violent shock, the earthquake lasted for 10 minutes unabated, releasing as much firepower as thousands of atomic bombs. America The Story of Us is an epic 12-hour television event that tells the extraordinary story of how America was invented.
In the process, huge sections of the ocean floor were forced down an estimated 30 or 40 meters (up to 130 feet). The effect was like dropping the world's largest pebble into the Indian Ocean with ripples the size of mountains stretching out in all directions.
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Titov emphasizes that tsunamis are nothing like the huge waves that break in the form of surf that many of us imagine. "It's a wave, but from the observer's point of view, you don't know it as a wave," Titov said. "It's more like the ocean turning into a river of white water and flooding everything in its path."
Once caught in raging waters, if the current doesn't pull you under, the debris will finish the job. "In earthquakes, a certain number of people die but many more are injured. It is completely reversed with tsunamis," said Titov. "Almost no injuries, because it's such a difficult disaster to survive."
How Many People Died In The 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake And Tsunami?
An earthquake and tsunami of the size that struck in 2004 is so rare that catastrophic tsunamis are almost unknown in the long cultural history of India and Sri Lanka, explains Jose Borrero, a tsunami researcher with the University of Southern California and director of eCoast, a marine consultancy in New Zealand.
[The Indian Ocean tsunami] came ashore in these places without any natural warning, because they were far enough away to not feel anything from the earthquake," Borrero said. "So without a natural warning, without an official warning and without any history of tsunamis, hitting the coasts full of people, it's the perfect combination to cause a lot of death and destruction."
Borrero and Titov participated in the expeditions of the US Geological Survey at the beginning of 2005 to measure the full extent of the tsunami that hit Sumatra. It was during these expeditions that scientists confirmed a maximum wave height of more than 131 feet in the northwest tip of the island.
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Borrero remembers coming upon a huge ship loaded with bags of cement that was tipped over on its back with its propeller in the air. "This is the most extreme tsunami since 1960," said Borrero, referring to the Chilean earthquake and tsunami of magnitude 8.6 that devastated the Pacific Ocean, including the level of Hilo, Hawaii, 15 hours after
Why Was The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami So Destructive And Deadly?
the earthquake. Titov will never forget the scene of widespread destruction he saw on Sumatra even months after the tsunami waters receded. "We took a boat all the way from the center of the island to Banda Aceh, the most affected area, and for hundreds of kilometers it was as if someone had taken a rubber and removed everything below the 20 meter line
, he said. .Tituv. "The extent of the destruction was staggering." Dave Roos is a freelance writer based in the US and Mexico. A longtime contributor to HowStuffWorks, Dave has also been published in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and Newsweek. We strive for accuracy and fairness.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HANES regularly reviews and updates its content to ensure that it is complete and accurate. Days after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a man in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, searched the rubble for usable items.
In the Indonesian province of Aceh on the island of Sumatra, about 170,000 people were killed by huge sea waves. (© 2005 World Vision/photo by Jon Warren) Aid workers in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, walk through debris and a damaged building after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Work to rebuild the
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