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Milk Gift Set - On December 26, 2004, the tsunami that struck Banda Aceh, Indonesia, swept a 2,600-ton ship about five miles (8 km) inland from the city. The site is now a park and monument. After the 2004 tsunami that killed nearly 170,000 people in Indonesia, the country is bracing for the next one.
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More than a decade ago, one of the deadliest natural disasters in history killed 227,898 people in 14 countries around the Indian Ocean, nearly 170,000 of them in Indonesia. A 7.5-magnitude earthquake in Donggala, central Sulawesi island, triggered a tsunami warning in 2004 that killed thousands of people.
On the morning of Dec. 26, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake shook the ocean floor about 150 miles (150 km) off the west coast of Sumatra, the third largest since 1900. In eight minutes, the rupture stretched 700 miles (1,127 km) across Japan, It released 23,000 times more energy than the atomic bomb that destroyed Nagasaki.
Portions of the sea floor were moved 30 feet (9 m) to the west-southwest. But that's not the worst of it. Some sections of the fault have risen tens of feet, raising the entire sea column above them. On the surface of the sea, a large tsunami wave moves around the Indian Ocean.
Will Indonesia Be Ready For The Next Tsunami?
When it hit Sumatra, it was 100 feet (30 m) high along the northwest coast. Three months after the tsunami, the reconstruction of Banda Aceh has already begun in earnest. Here a man is looking for scrap metal. When the next tsunami hits the Indian Ocean—and scientists say another big one is likely in the next few decades—the region will be better off, scientists know.
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Hardest hit on that fateful day ten years ago was the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh on the northern tip of Sumatra. More than 60,000 of its 264,000 residents died, about 35 percent of the total in Indonesia. Vivi Yanti, an English teacher in the city, is warm,
black Reminiscent of water filled with grease and garbage. In the streets crowded with fugitives, Yanti saw a woman running, holding a child's hand and beating on the windows of cars. Nobody stopped. "I escaped with my uncle on the back of the motorcycle," Yanti said.
I looked back and at first I didn't know what to see: the water was putting a big ship in the way. The water was moving fast," I told my uncle. "Ten years later, Banda Aceh has been rebuilt, and the population of 250,000 has grown to almost what it was before the disaster. The city has been transformed, with quiet new highways and late-night cafes. The perfect hand-washing mass." Deliberate reminders of disaster, such as the presence of a large ship aground in some city park in addition to the chai -
Looking Back
Most signs of tsunami damage were erased. When the earthquake struck, underwater sensors and surface buoys sent signals via satellite to government warning centers around the world warning of a possible tsunami. Ten years ago, such detectors existed only in the Pacific. If they had been in the Indian Ocean in 2004, the 51,000 people who died in Sri Lanka and India would have been killed. Survivable: The tsunami took about two hours to cross the Indian Ocean, with timely warnings or
No warnings at all. It will save thousands of lives. But Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, is in an unfortunate situation. In particular, it is bordered by long and strong seismic faults called the Sunda megathrus, parallel to the islands of Sumatra and Java.
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The 2004 tsunami hit the coast of Sumatra within 30 minutes of the earthquake. Even with the near-instant tsunami warning, many residents did not have enough time to reach higher ground. Many locals attribute the survival of the Rahmatullah Mosque on the outskirts of Banda Aceh to divine intervention - but the mosque's open ground floor was helped by the tsunami.
Nine days after the disaster, a US Marine helicopter delivered supplies. Faced with an unforgivable difference between life and death, Indonesia has sought to raise public awareness and preparedness. A handful of shelters—some three- or four-story buildings; Some have been built in Banda Aceh and other threatened cities - with ground floors open to allow waves to pass through.
Looking Back
There is a network of sirens to warn residents of an impending tsunami. Much remains to be done, as the recent earthquake response has made painfully clear. On April 11, 2012, Banda Aceh was hit by an 8.6-magnitude earthquake, and Indonesia's National Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning within five minutes of the first tremor.
The country's early warning system may be working well, but domestic response to warnings does not bode well for future disasters. Officials in Banda Aceh failed to establish emergency guidelines for the city. An earthquake doesn't produce a tsunami, but in this case the plates along the fault slide horizontally, not violently upward—the kind of horror that those who've experienced the shock expect.
The situation was completely chaotic," said Syarifah Marlina Al Mazhir, a permanent resident of Banda Aceh who worked for the Red Cross during the 2004 tsunami. "Instead of evacuating to safer places, people go home or take their children to school. It creates traffic jams."
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To make matters worse, the staff responsible for operating the tsunami sirens have left and the city's three high-rise tsunami shelters have been closed, she said. All the people in their cars will be cleared. It's a wake-up call." Ardito Kodijat, director of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center in Jakarta, Indonesia, said Banda Aceh and other coastal cities in Indonesia should set up well-marked evacuation routes and conduct regular tsunami drills. Many people in Banda Aceh did not know evacuation centers had been built. Others saw the severity of the 2004 tsunami and tried to flee inland, thinking the buildings would be safe. " Clear and firm instructions from the internal government
A Practice Run Goes Badly
If there were, people could prepare a lot," Kodijat said. But Banda Aceh is not the most threatened of Indonesia's cities. "The shoe has already dropped there," said Brian Atwater, a geologist with the US Geological Survey. "It's not clear how many earthquakes will happen again.
Did the fault that erupted in 2004 consume everything in that earthquake? Or whether something was left in the bank is unclear. at the same time, You have a lot of other places where you have incomprehensible risks... Padang is kind of where the boot follows." Geological evidence of tsunamis suggests that the Sunda megathrust segment, located in Padang, a town of about one million people on Sumatra's west coast, could be late for an earthquake. Government officials in Indonesia and Padang are alert to the danger. As in Banda Aceh, evacuation routes are planned and emergency shelters are built. 2004
Destruction waves tens of meters high hit Ulele Beach outside Banda Aceh in 2009. When this photo was taken, it was a popular place to walk again in 2009. But in Indonesia and other countries along the Indian Ocean coast, such measures may not be enough to protect the hundreds of millions of people who live along the coast. Even with the best warning systems and evacuation plans, people are dangerously overcrowded.
In Southeast Asia alone, more than ten million people live within a mile of the coast. Banda Aceh Beyond moving Padang and other threatened coastal towns miles inland, there is no certainty of protection against the next tsunami. Kerry Sieh, a geologist at Nanyang Technological University's Earth Observatory in Singapore, has studied the faults around Sumatra for more than 20 years.
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