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Irish Gift Box - It was 2004, the day after Christmas, thousands of European and American tourists flocked to the beaches of Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to escape the winter chill in the tropical paradise. At 7:59 a.m., a 9.1-magnitude earthquake — the largest ever recorded — jolted through an underwater fault in the Indian Ocean, sending a huge plume of water hurtling toward unknown shores.
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The Boxing Day tsunami would be the deadliest in recorded history, killing 230,000 people in a matter of hours. The city of Banda Aceh on the northern coast of Sumatra was near the epicenter and the first wave arrived just 20 minutes later. It is impossible to imagine a 100-foot mountain of water covering a coastal city of 320,000, instantly killing more than 100,000 men, women and children.
Buildings like houses of cards, trees and cars were submerged in the black river of oil and no one escaped the flood. Thailand is next. With waves reaching 500 mph in the Indian Ocean, the tsunami reached the coastal areas of Phang Nga and Phuket an hour and a half later.
In time, locals and tourists alike were completely unaware of the impending destruction. Intrepid beachgoers even wade through rough waves, only to be chased by a wall of broken water. The death toll in Thailand is about 5,400, including 2,000 foreign tourists. An hour later, on the opposite side of the Indian Ocean, waves hit India's southeast coast near the city of Chennai, sweeping across kilometers of water and killing more than 10,000 people.
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Most of them were women and children. Most of the men were fishing. But the worst damage was done on the island of Sri Lanka, where more than 30,000 people were drowned by the waves and hundreds of thousands more were left homeless. In a testament to the tsunami's record-breaking power, the latest victims of the Boxing Day disaster died nearly eight hours after heatwaves and storm surges swept away swimmers in South Africa, not far from the epicenter.
5,000 miles away. Vasily Titov is a tsunami researcher and forecaster at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Tsunami Research Center. He credits the raw power of the earthquake for the incredible destruction of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Earthquakes originate from so-called megathrust faults, where heavy oceanic plates subduct lighter continental plates.
They're the biggest faults in the world, and they're all underwater," Titov said. The 2004 earthquake ruptured a 900-mile-long rift along the Indian and Australian plates 31 miles below the ocean floor. Instead of a strong earthquake, the earthquake continued for 10 minutes without stopping, releasing as much energy as several thousand nuclear bombs.
The American Story is a 12-hour television program that tells the extraordinary story of how America was founded. During the process, large sections of the ocean floor are forced up to 30 or 40 meters (up to 130 feet). The effect is like a mountain-sized valley extending in all directions to the world's largest rock in the Indian Ocean.
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Titov insists that tsunamis don't look like the giant swimming waves that most of us imagine. "It's a wave, but from an observer's point of view, you wouldn't recognize it as a wave," Titov said. "It's like the ocean turns into a river of white water and washes away everything in its path."
Once you're caught in a rising tide, if the water doesn't pull you under, the wreck will finish the job. "In an earthquake, a certain number of people die but many others are injured. It completely turned into a tsunami," Titov said. "Almost no injuries, because it is a tragedy that is very difficult to survive.
Jose Borroro, a tsunami researcher at the University of Southern California, explains that the magnitude of the 2004 earthquake and tsunami is so rare that destructive tsunamis are all but unknown in the long cultural history of India and Sri Lanka. "[The Indian Ocean tsunami] hit these areas without any natural warning, because they were too far away to feel the earthquake," Borrero said.
Without history, hitting beaches full of people, it's a perfect combination that causes a lot of death and destruction." Both Borrero and Tetoff participated in a US Geological Survey survey in early 2005 to measure tsunami intensity. measured to be Sumatra. It was during these expeditions that scientists confirmed waves over 131 feet high on the northwest tip of the island.
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Turned upside down with its engine in the air. "It was the worst tsunami since the 1960s," Borrero said, referring to the 8.6-magnitude earthquake in Chile and the tsunami that hit the Pacific Ocean as high as Hilo, Hawaii, 15 hours after the quake. Titov will never forget the scene of widespread devastation he saw in Sumatra even after the tsunami subsided.
He said, "We went by boat from the center of the island to Banda Aceh, which is the most difficult place, and for hundreds of kilometers it was like someone took a cleaner and cleaned everything under the 20 meter line. " Titov. "The sheer scale of the destruction was mind-boggling."
Dave Rose is a freelance writer based in the United States and Mexico. A longtime contributor to HowStuffWorks, Dave has also been published in The New York Times, Los Angeles Times and Newsweek. We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that isn't right, click here to contact us!
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