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Christmas Gift Tarkov - It was 2004, the day after Christmas, and thousands of European and American tourists flocked to the beaches of Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to escape the winter chill in a tropical paradise. At 7:59 a.m., a 9.1-magnitude earthquake — one of the strongest on record — struck an underwater fault in the Indian Ocean, pushing a large column of water toward unexpected shores.
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The Boxing Day tsunami will go down as the deadliest in history, claiming a staggering 230,000 lives in a matter of hours. The city of Banda Aceh on the northern tip of Sumatra was the closest to the epicenter of the powerful earthquake, and the first waves arrived just 20 minutes later.
It's almost impossible to imagine a 100-foot steaming mountain of water engulfing a coastal city of 320,000, instantly killing more than 100,000 men, women and children. Houses stacked like houses of cards, trees and cars were swept away by the black stream of oil, and almost none of those caught in the deluge survived.
Next is Thailand. With waves moving at 500 mph across the Indian Ocean, the tsunami hit the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket an hour and a half later. Despite the passage of time, local residents and tourists are unaware of the impending destruction.
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The curious still roam the beach amidst the strange crash of the waves, only to be chased by a surging wall of water. The death toll in Thailand is nearly 5,400 people, including 2,000 foreign tourists. An hour later, on the other side of the Indian Ocean, waves pounded India's southeastern coast near the city of Chennai, pushing debris-choked water kilometers inland and killing more than 10,000
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people, mostly women and children, because many of them men were outside. fishing But the island nation of Sri Lanka suffered the most damage, with more than 30,000 people swept away by the waves and hundreds of thousands left homeless. In a testament to the tsunami's record-breaking power, the last victims of the Boxing Day disaster died nearly eight hours later when huge seas and raging waves caught swimmers off South Africa, 5,000 miles from the epicenter.
earthquake. Vasyl Titov is a researcher and tsunami forecaster at the National Center for Oceanic and Atmospheric Tsunami Research. He attributes the relentless devastation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to the raw power of the earthquake that caused it. The earthquake occurred on a so-called megathrust fault, where heavy oceanic plates are subducting beneath lighter continental plates.
These are the biggest faults in the world, and they're all underwater," Titov said. The 2004 earthquake struck a 900-mile section along the Indian and Australian plates 31 miles below the ocean floor. Instead of delivering a powerful tremor, the earthquake continued for a brutal 10 minutes, releasing as much stored energy as several thousand atomic bombs.
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America The Story of Us is an epic 12-hour television event that tells the extraordinary story of how America was invented. In the process, large parts of the ocean floor rose about 30 or 40 meters (up to 130 feet). The effect is like the world's largest pebble falling into the Indian Ocean, with waves the size of mountains reaching out in all directions.
Titov emphasizes that tsunamis are not the giant surf-like waves that many of us imagine. "It's a wave, but from the observer's point of view, you don't recognize it as a wave," Tytov said. "It's more like the ocean turning into a white river and flooding everything in its path."
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Once in choppy water, if the current doesn't pull you under, the wreck will finish the job. "During an earthquake, a certain number of people die, but many more are injured. In a tsunami, everything is the opposite," said Titov. "There are almost no injuries, because it's such a disaster, it's hard to survive."
An earthquake and tsunami of the magnitude of 2004 is so rare that catastrophic tsunamis are virtually unknown in the long cultural history of India and Sri Lanka, explained Jose Borrero, a tsunami researcher at the University of Southern California and director of eCoast, a
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marine consulting company based in New Zealand. "[The Indian Ocean tsunami] came ashore in these areas that also had no natural warning because they were far enough away to not feel the earthquake," Borrero said. "So with no natural warning, no official warning and no history of tsunamis hitting populated coastlines, it's the perfect combination to cause a lot of death and destruction."
Both Borrero and Titov participated in USGS expeditions in early 2005 to measure the full extent of the tsunami that hit Sumatra. During these expeditions scientists confirmed the highest wave height of more than 131 feet in the northwestern part of the island. Borrero recalled arriving at a massive cargo ship filled with bags of cement slung over its back with the propeller in the air.
This is the strongest tsunami since 1960," Borrero said, referring to the 8.6-magnitude earthquake and tsunami in Chile that struck the Pacific Ocean, including the leveling of Hilo, Hawaii, 15 hours after the quake. Titov will never forget the scene of mass destruction he witnessed in Sumatra, even months after the tsunami subsided.
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We took a boat from the center of the island to Banda Aceh, the worst-hit area, and for hundreds of kilometers it was like someone took an eraser and erased everything under the 20-meter line," he said. Titov. "The scale of the devastation is amazing."
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Dave Roos is a freelance writer based in the United States and Mexico. A longtime contributor to HowStuffWorks, Dave has also been published in The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Newsweek. We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!
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