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Christmas Gift Drive - It was 2004, the day after Christmas, and thousands of European and American tourists flocked to the beaches of Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to escape the winter chill in a tropical paradise. At 7:59 a.m., a 9.1-magnitude earthquake — one of the largest ever recorded — triggered an underwater fault in the Indian Ocean, pushing a huge column of water toward unsuspecting shores.
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The Boxing Day tsunami would be the deadliest in history, claiming 230,000 lives in a matter of hours. The city of Banda Aceh on the northern tip of Sumatra was the closest to the epicenter of the powerful earthquake, and the first waves hit just 20 minutes later.
It is almost impossible to imagine the 100-meter-high mountain of water that engulfed a coastal city of 320,000, instantly killing more than 100,000 men, women and children. Houses rolled up like houses of cards, trees and cars were engulfed in black plumes of oil, and almost no one survived.
Next was Thailand. With waves moving at 500 mph across the Indian Ocean, the tsunami hit the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket an hour and a half later. Despite the passage of time, both local residents and tourists did not suspect the impending destruction.
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Curious beachgoers wander among the strange crashing waves and are chased by an undulating wall of water. The number of dead in Thailand was almost 5,400 people, including 2,000 foreign tourists. An hour later, on the opposite side of the Indian Ocean, waves hit India's southeast coast near the city of Chennai, pushing debris-choked water kilometers inland and killing more than 10,000 people, mostly women and children.
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Since many men were outside. fishing But the island nation of Sri Lanka suffered the most devastation, with more than 30,000 people swept away and hundreds of thousands left homeless. In a testament to the tsunami's record-breaking power, the last victims of the Boxing Day disaster died nearly eight hours later when rising seas and waves caught swimmers off guard in South Africa, 5,000 miles from the epicenter.
Vasyl Titov is a researcher and tsunami forecaster at the Tsunami Research Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. He attributes the merciless destruction of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to the raw power of the earthquake that caused it. The earthquake started at a so-called megathrust fault, where heavy oceanic plates subduct beneath lighter continental plates.
These are the biggest mistakes in the world, and they are all under water," says Titov. The 2004 earthquake ruptured a 900-mile section along the Indian and Australian plates 31 miles below the ocean floor. Instead of producing a strong shock, the earthquake continued for 10 minutes without interruption, releasing as much isolated power as several thousand atomic bombs.
Faqs: What You Need To Know About The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
America The Story of Us is an epic 12-hour television event that tells the extraordinary story of how America was invented. In the process, massive segments of the ocean floor rose up about 30 or 40 meters (up to 130 feet). The effect was like the world's largest pebble falling into the Indian Ocean, with ripples the size of mountains stretching out in all directions.
Titov points out that tsunamis are nothing more than the giant surf-like waves that many of us imagine. "It's a wave, but from an observer's point of view you wouldn't recognize it as a wave," says Tytov. "It's more like the ocean turning into a river of white water and flooding everything in its path."
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Once in rough water, unless the current pulls you down, the wreckage will finish the job. "During earthquakes, a certain number of people die, but many others are injured. This is the complete opposite of a tsunami," says Titov. "Almost nobody got hurt because it's such a disaster to survive."
An earthquake and tsunami of the magnitude of 2004 is so rare that catastrophic tsunamis are unknown in the long cultural history of India and Sri Lanka, explains Jose Borrero, a tsunami researcher at the University of Southern California and director of eCoast. a marine consulting company based in New Zealand.
How Many People Died In The 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake And Tsunami?
[The Indian Ocean tsunami] came ashore in these places that had no natural warning because they were far enough away to not experience any earthquakes," Borrero says. "So with no natural warning, no official warning and no history of a tsunami hitting beaches full of people, it's the perfect combination to cause a lot of death and destruction."
Both Borrero and Titov participated in US Geological Survey expeditions in early 2005 to measure the full extent of the tsunami that hit Sumatra. It was during these expeditions that scientists confirmed peak wave heights of over 131 feet on the northwest side of the island.
Borrero recalls coming upon a huge cargo ship loaded with bags of cement, upside down, with a propeller in the air. "It was the strongest tsunami since 1960," Borrero says, referring to the 8.6-magnitude Chile earthquake and tsunami that swept across the Pacific Ocean, including the leveling of Hilo, Hawaii, 15 hours after the quake.
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Titov will never forget the scene of massive destruction he witnessed in Sumatra months after the tsunami receded. "We took a boat from the middle of the island to Banda Aceh, the worst-hit area, and for hundreds of kilometers it was like someone took a tire and wiped everything under the 20-meter line," he says.
Why Was The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami So Destructive And Deadly?
Titov. "The sheer scale of the destruction was just astounding." Dave Roos is a freelance writer based in the United States and Mexico. A longtime contributor to HowStuffWorks, Dave has also been published in The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Newsweek. We strive for accuracy and fairness.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY regularly reviews and updates its content to ensure that it is complete and accurate. Days after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a man in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, searched the wreckage for useful items.
In the Indonesian province of Aceh on the island of Sumatra, powerful ocean waves killed about 170,000 people. (©2005 World Vision/photo by John Warren) Aid workers in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, walk past debris and a damaged building after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The restoration of infrastructure, houses and livelihoods had to start from the ground up.
©2005 World Vision/Photo by John Warren) Nine months after the Indian Ocean tsunami struck Banda Aceh, Indonesia, students attend Lhok Nga Primary School, one of 11 prefab schools built by World Vision for children in the province Aceh, whose schools were destroyed by the tsunami.
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